Iceland was settled by Norse Vikings around 874 AD, with Ingolfur Arnarson founding Reykjavik. In 930 AD, Iceland established the Althing, one of the world's oldest parliaments. After internal conflicts, it fell under Norwegian rule in 1262 and later Danish control. Centuries of hardship followed, including plagues and volcanic eruptions. In the 19th century, Iceland pushed for independence, gaining sovereignty in 1918. During World War II, it declared full independence in 1944. Today, Iceland is a prosperous nation known for its renewable energy, strong economy, and rich cultural heritage.